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The FP-45 Liberator was a pistol manufactured for the United States military during World War II for use by resistance forces in occupied territories.The pistol had its origins in the US Army Joint Psychological Committee and was designed for the United States Army in 1942 by the Inland Guide Lamp Manufacturing Division of the General Motors Corporation in Dayton, Ohio.The army designated the weapon the Flare Projector Caliber .45 hence the designation FP-45.

This was done to disguise the fact that a pistol was being mass produced.The original engineering drawings label the barrel as "tube", the trigger as "yoke", the firing pin as "control rod", and the trigger guard as "spanner". The Guide Lamp Division plant in Anderson, Indiana assembled a million of these weapons.

The Liberator project took about 6 months from conception to end of production with about 11 weeks of actual manufacturing time, done by 300 workers.